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Phenology is the survey of the days of recurring natural phenomena especially inside relation to climate. Because numbers of such phenomena may be sensitive to little variations within climate, phenology is utile in the learn of climate change.

This unremarkably means recording & comparing a life cycles of plants and animals, for example a dates of bird migration, plant budding, flowering or fruiting, insect activities, stages of birth and demise come a lot annual cases of interest to phenologists.

Records from the past
Inside Japan & China a period of inflorescence of cherry and peach trees is associated with ancient festivals & occasionally one dates may be traced back to the eighth century. Such records form an crucial a portion of global climate change search.

A pinot noir grape can also become utilized within historical phenology. Writing around Nature, Isabelle Chiune and coworkers describe how French records of pinot noir grape-harvest dates in Burgundy can be used to reconstruct spring–summer temperatures from either 1370 to 2003. Chiune witnessed that 2003 summertime temperatures were probably higher than in any more season since 1370 (watch global warming). Chiune goes in to state

(information & quote from either Nature and severity 432, 289 - 290 (18 November 2004); doi:10.1038/432289a).

More phenological grounds to believe for global climate change includes that of the Richard Fitter and his son Alastair Fitter, who exposed 1st Flowering Date (FFD) of British flowering plants. Writing within Science in 2002, they state that "the average FFD of 385 British plant species has advanced by 4.5 days during the past decade compared with the previous four decades". It last in to state that FFD is sensitive to temperature & that "150 to 200 species may now be flowering on average 15 days earlier in Britain now than in the very recent past". A paper goes in to state that these earliest FFDs have had "profound ecosystem and evolutionary consequences".

(information & quotes from either Science, Vol 296, Issue 5573, 1689-1691, 31 Will 2002)

Phenology, the Study of Nature's Cycles of Life
About the study of plant and animal growth and activity in response to seasonal changes.

Life Cycles Phenology Recording Keeping Software
Describes phenology and available software for maintaining field notes.

Phenology Web Links
Directory of information and websites providing floral calendars and sequence of bloom.

Phenology Model Database
Contains descriptive information about the phenologies of plants, pests, and beneficials, mostly focusing on those that are important in California agriculture.

UK Phenology Network
Coordinates volunteers to study phenology in the UK, including monitoring impacts of climate change on wildlife.

Global Phenological Monitoring
Gathers links and information on phenological research and data sets.


Science: Environment: Global Change: Impacts and Indicators: Plants






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